What are the Risk Factors for Developing Asthma?

Genetic Factors:

• Family History: A significant risk factor; indicates genetic predisposition.
• Genes linked to susceptibility suggest a hereditary component in developing allergies or asthma.

Environmental and Infectious Factors:

• Viral Infections:
  • Certain viral infections may trigger or predispose individuals to asthma.
  • In some cases, immune responses to viruses can inadvertently generate antibodies that attack own cells or tissues, possibly initiating or worsening asthma.

Lifestyle and Pollution Exposure:

• Sedentary Lifestyle & Overweight:
  • Reduced physical activity and obesity are linked to increased risks.
• Pollutants:
  • Indoor pollutants (e.g., dust, mold, pet dander, tobacco smoke).
  • Outdoor pollutants (e.g., vehicle emissions, industrial fumes).
  • Enhanced risk in urban environments where pollution levels are higher.

Geographical and Demographic Factors:

• Urban vs. Rural:
  • Higher prevalence of asthma in city populations.
  • Rural children tend to have a significantly lower risk, possibly due to less pollution and allergen exposure.
  • This trend is observed across Canada, with per capita data supporting higher rates in urban settings such as Toronto or Vancouver compared to rural regions like Saskatchewan.

Summary:

Genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, and geographic location all contribute to the risk of developing allergies and asthma. Awareness of these factors can help guide prevention strategies and early interventions.