Bulimia Nervosa – Overview and Health Implications

Overview

• Linked to mental health issues, often related to body image and self-esteem.
• Characterized by binge-eating followed by purging behaviors.
• Purging may include:
  • Vomiting on purpose.
  • Use of laxatives to induce bowel movements.
• Some individuals may simultaneously restrict food intake (similar to anorexia nervosa).

Common Causes and Motivations

• Feelings of not being “thin enough.”
• Attempting to meet impossibly high beauty standards promoted by media.
• Often driven by psychological factors rather than physical hunger.

Health Risks and Complications

1. Damage to the Esophagus and Teeth

• Repeated vomiting exposes the esophagus to hydrochloric acid, causing:
  • Esophageal irritation and strictures.
  • Potential scarring.
• Tooth enamel erosion:
  • Acid erodes teeth, leading to decay and sensitivity.
  • Increased risk for dental infections and pain.

2. Electrolyte and Nutritional Imbalances

• Loss of water and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride).
• Increased risk of malnutrition and dehydration.
• Disruption of acid-base balance:
  • Excess vomiting can cause alkalosis (due to loss of stomach acids).
• Possible constipation or diarrhea due to gastrointestinal irritation.

3. Other Effects

• Severe electrolyte imbalances increase risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
• Dehydration aggravates cardiovascular stress.
• Growth and development can be affected, especially in young individuals.

Treatment Approaches

• Counselling and Psychotherapy:
  • Essential to address underlying mental health issues.
• Nutritional therapy:
  • Restores balanced diet and corrects deficiencies.
• Medications:
  • Antidepressants or other drugs as prescribed.
• Monitoring:
  • Regular assessment of electrolyte levels.
  • Surveillance for cardiac issues.

Serious Cases and Notable Stories

• Cases of severe electrolyte imbalance leading to heart attack or death have been reported.
• Long-term, untreated bulimia can cause heart arrhythmias, growth delays, and organ failure.

Personal Impact and Reflection

• Eating disorders like bulimia have serious health and psychological impacts.
• Early intervention and support can prevent life-threatening complications.
• Recognition of the signs and seeking help are crucial.