Hemorrhoids and Anal Fissures

Hemorrhoids

• Causes:
  • Persistent irritation from straining during bowel movements.
  • Sitting for long periods on the toilet.
  • Chronic diarrhea or constipation.
  • Obesity and pregnancy increase risk.
  • Low fiber and fluid intake are significant risk factors.
• Treatment:
  • Rubber band ligation: a simple procedure where a tiny rubber band is placed around the hemorrhoid to cut off blood flow, causing it to atrophy and fall off.

![Image of Hemorrhoids] (description: swollen, bulging veins in the rectal area from chronic irritation).

Anal Fissures

• Small tears in the anal canal caused by:
  • Hard, dry stools.
  • Irritation similar to hemorrhoids.
  • Result from straining or trauma during defecation.