References
- Profice C. Nature as a living presence: Drawings by Tupinambá and New York Children. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13:e0203870. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203870
- Matz CJ, Stieb DM, Davis K, Egyed M, Rose A, Chou B, et al. Effects of Age, Season, Gender and Urban-Rural Status on Time-Activity: Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey 2 (CHAPS 2). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11:2108–24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110202108
- Kahn PH. Developmental Psychology and the Biophilia Hypothesis: Children’s Affiliation with Nature. Dev Rev 1997; 17:1–61. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1996.0430
- Nine in Ten (87%) Canadians Say That When Connected to Nature They Feel Happier. Ipsos Reid; 2011.
- Lee M, Lee J, Park B-J, Miyazaki Y. Interaction with indoor plants may reduce psychological and physiological stress by suppressing autonomic nervous system activity in young adults: a randomized crossover study. J Physiol Anthropol. 2015;34:21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-015-0060-8
- Hartig T, Mitchell R, de Vries S, Frumkin H. Nature and Health. Annu Rev Public Health 2014; 35:207–28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182443
- White MP, Alcock I, Wheeler BW, Depledge MH. Would You Be Happier Living in a Greener Urban Area? A Fixed-Effects Analysis of Panel Data. Psychological Science. 2013; 24:920–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612464659
- Finger M. From Knowledge to Action? Exploring the Relationships Between Environmental Experiences, Learning, and Behavior. Journal of Social Issues. 1994;50:141–60. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02424.x
- nature | Etymology, origin and meaning of nature by etymonline. n.d. [cited 2022 Feb 7]. Available from: https://www.etymonline.com/word/nature
- Zylstra MJ, Knight AT, Esler KJ, Le Grange LLL. Connectedness as a Core Conservation Concern: An Interdisciplinary Review of Theory and a Call for Practice. Springer Science Reviews. 2014; 2:119–43. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40362-014-0021-3
- Bristow W. Enlightenment. In: Zalta EN, editor. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Fall 2017, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University; 2017.
- Linklater A. Owning the Earth: The Transforming History of Land Ownership. 1st ed. New York: Bloomsbury USA; 2013.
- Braun SS. Rescuing Indigenous Land Ownership: Revising Locke’s Account of Original Appropriation through Cultivation. Theor J Soc Polit Theory. 2014; 61:68–89.
- Rottman J. Breaking down biocentrism: two distinct forms of moral concern for nature. Frontiers in Psychology. 2014; 5:905. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00905
- Mascarenhas M. Where the Waters Divide: First Nations, Tainted Water and Environmental Justice in Canada. Local Environ. 2007; 12:565–77. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13549830701657265
- Diaz-Leon E. What Is Social Construction?: What Is Social Construction? European Journal of Philosophy. 2015; 23:1137–52. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12033
- Smessaert J, Missemer A, Levrel H. The commodification of nature, a review in social sciences. Ecological Economics. 2020; 172:106624. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106624
- Akram-Lodhi AH. Land, Markets and Neoliberal Enclosure: An Agrarian Political Economy Perspective. Third World Q. 2007; 28:1437–56.
- Stark HK. The Trans/National Terrain of Anishinaabe Law and Diplomacy. n.d.:23.
- Ritskes E. Against the death maps of Empire: Contesting colonial borders through Indigenous sovereignty. Decolonization. 2015 [cited 2022 Feb 11]. Available from: https://decolonization.wordpress.com/2015/10/14/against-the-death-maps-of-empire-contesting-colonial-bordersthrough-indigenous-sovereignty/
- Temprano V. A Question of Borders. Native-Landca. 2017 [cited 2022 Feb 11]. Available from: https://native-land.ca/aquestion-of-borders/
- Bullard RD. Environmental Justice in the 21st Century: Race Still Matters. Phylon. 1960- 2001; 49:151–71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/3132626
- Maree Stanley J. Intersectional and Relational Frameworks:Confronting AntiBlackness, Settler Colonialism, and Neoliberalism in U.S. Social Work. J Progress Hum Serv 2020; 3 1:210–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/10428232.2019.1703246.
- Azevedo F, Jost JT, Rothmund T, Sterling J. Neoliberal Ideology and the Justification of Inequality in Capitalist Societies: Why Social and Economic Dimensions of Ideology Are Intertwined. Journal of Socal Issues. 2019; 75:49–88. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12310
- Background. n.d. [cited 2022 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.enrichproject.org/about/background/
- Delisle R. ‘I can feel your breath’: when COVID-19 and environmental racism collide. The Narwhal. n.d. [cited 2022 Feb 7]. Available from: https://thenarwhal.ca/covid-19-environmental-racism-canada/
- Van Sant L, Milligan R, Mollett S. Political Ecologies of Race: Settler Colonialism and Environmental Racism in the United States and Canada. Antipode. 2021; 53:629–42. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12697
- Wright WJ. As Above, So Below: Anti-Black Violence as Environmental Racism. Antipode. 2021; 53:791–809. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12425
- Colquette KM, Robertson EAH. ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: THE CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND COMMENDATIONS. Tulane Environmental Law Journal. 1991; 5:153–207.
- Assembly of First Nations. Honouring Earth. Assem First Nations. n.d. [cited 2022 Feb 7]. Available from: https://www.afn.ca/honoring-earth/
- FNHA. First Nations Perspective on Health and Wellness. First Nations Health Auth. n.d. [cited 2022 Feb 7]. Available from: https://www.fnha.ca:443/wellness/wellness-for-first-nations/first-nationsperspective-on-health-and-wellness
- Silko LM. Yellow woman and a beauty of the spirit: essays on Native American life today. New York: Simon & Schuster; 1996.
- Salmón E. Kincentric Ecology: Indigenous Perceptions of the Human–Nature Relationship. Ecological Applications. 2000; 10:1327–32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1327:KEIPOT]2.0.CO;2
- Whyte K. Indigenous Climate Change Studies: Indigenizing Futures, Decolonizing the Anthropocene. Engl Lang Notes. 2017;55:153–62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-55.1-2.153
- Ki-moon S-GB. Climate change and indigenous peoples. n.d.:3.
- State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples. New York: United Nations; 2009.
- Jones R. Climate change and Indigenous Health Promotion. Global Health Promotion. 2019; 26:73–81. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975919829713
- Etchart L. The role of indigenous peoples in combating climate change. Palgrave Communications. 2017; 3:1–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1057/palcomms.2017.85
- Keaulana S, Kahili-Heede M, Riley L, Park MLN, Makua KL, Vegas JK, et al. A Scoping Review of Nature, Land, and Environmental Connectedness and Relatedness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18:5897. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115897
- Iroquois Constitution. n.d. [cited 2022 Feb 8]. Available from: http://www.indigenouspeople.net/iroqcon.htm
- Seven Generations International Foundation. 7th Generation Principle. n.d. [cited 2022 Feb 8]. Available from: https://www.7genfoundation.org/7th-generation/
- Pendl ST. The Two-Eyed Seeing Garden. University of British Columbia, 2006.
- Bartlett C, Marshall M, Marshall A. Two-Eyed Seeing and other lessons learned within a co-learning journey of bringing together indigenous and mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. 2012;2:331–40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-012-0086-8
- Roher SIG, Yu Z, Martin DH, Benoit AC. How is Etuaptmumk/Two-Eyed Seeing characterized in Indigenous health research? A scoping review. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16:e0254612. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254612
- White MP, Alcock I, Grellier J, Wheeler BW, Hartig T, Warber SL, et al. Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing. Sci Rep. 2019; 9:7730. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44097-3
- PaRx: A Prescription for Nature – Why Nature? n.d. [cited 2022 Feb 8]. Available from: https://www.parkprescriptions.ca/en/whynature
- Twohig-Bennett C, Jones A. The health benefits of the great outdoors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of greenspace exposure and health outcomes. Environ Res. 2018; 166:628–37. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.030
- Wolch J, Jerrett M, Reynolds K, McConnell R, Chang R, Dahmann N, et al. Childhood obesity and proximity to urban parks and recreational resources: A longitudinal cohort study. Health Place. 2011;17:207–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.10.001
- Bratman GN, Anderson CB, Berman MG, Cochran B, Vries S de, Flanders J, et al. Nature and mental health: An ecosystem service perspective. Science Advances. 2019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0903
- Hunter MR, Gillespie BW, Chen SY-P. Urban Nature Experiences Reduce Stress in the Context of Daily Life Based on Salivary Biomarkers. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019; 10.
- Kardan O, Gozdyra P, Misic B, Moola F, Palmer LJ, Paus T, et al. Neighborhood greenspace and health in a large urban center. Scientific Reports. 2015; 5:11610. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11610
- Clayton S. Climate Change and Mental Health. Current Environmental Health Reports. 2021; 8:1–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-020-00303-3
- Trombley J, Chalupka S, Anderko L. Climate Change and Mental Health. American Journal of Nursing. 2017; 117:44–52. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000515232.51795.fa
- Hayes K, Blashki G, Wiseman J, Burke S, Reifels L. Climate change and mental health: risks, impacts and priority actions. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2018; 12:28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0210-6
- Miles-Novelo A, Anderson CA. Climate Change and Psychology: Effects of Rapid Global Warming on Violence and Aggression. Current Clim Change Reports. 2019; 5:36–46. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-019-00121-2
- Doherty TJ, Clayton S. The psychological impacts of global climate change. American Psychology. 2011; 66:265–76. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023141
- Wilkinson R. Why is violence more common where inequality is greater? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Journal. 2004; 1036:1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1330.001
- Albrecht G. Chronic Environmental Change: Emerging ‘Psychoterratic’ Syndromes. In: Weissbecker I, editor. Climate Change and Human Wellbeing – Global Challenges and Opportunityies., New York, NY: Springer; 2011, p. 43–56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9742-5_3
- Albrecht G, Sartore G-M, Connor L, Higginbotham N, Freeman S, Kelly B, et al. Solastalgia: the distress caused by environmental change. Australian Psychiatry: Bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. 2007;15 Suppl 1: S95-98. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10398560701701288
- Coffey Y, Bhullar N, Durkin J, Islam MS, Usher K. Understanding Eco-anxiety: A Systematic Scoping Review of Current Literature and Identified Knowledge Gaps. Journal of Climate Change and Health. 2021; 3:100047. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100047
- Comtesse H, Ertl V, Hengst SMC, Rosner R, Smid GE. Ecological Grief as a Response to Environmental Change: A Mental Health Risk or Functional Response? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18:734. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020734
- Usher K, Durkin J, Bhullar N. Eco-anxiety: How thinking about climate changerelated environmental decline is affecting our mental health. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 2019; 28:1233–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12673
- Ives CD, Giusti M, Fischer J, Abson DJ, Klaniecki K, Dorninger C, et al. Human–nature connection: a multidisciplinary review. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2017; 26–27:106–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2017.05.005
- Ives CD, Abson DJ, von Wehrden H, Dorninger C, Klaniecki K, Fischer J. Reconnecting with nature for sustainability. Sustainability Science. 2018; 13:1389–97. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0542-9
- Meadows D. Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System. 1999:18.
- Abson DJ, Fischer J, Leventon J, Newig J, Schomerus T, Vilsmaier U, et al. Leverage points for sustainability transformation. Ambio. 2017; 46:30–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0800-y
- Ontario Ministry of Education. Acting Today, Shaping Tomorrow: A Policy Framework for Environmental Education in Ontario Schools. 2009.
- Damerell P, Howe C, Milner-Gulland EJ. Child-orientated environmental education influences adult knowledge and household behaviour. Environmental Research Letters. 2013; 8:015016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015016
- Trott CD. Reshaping our world: Collaborating with children for community-based climate change action. Action Research. 2019; 17:42–62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750319829209
- Otto S, Pensini P. Nature-based environmental education of children: Environmental knowledge and connectedness to nature, together, are related to ecological behaviour. Global Environmental Change. 2017; 47:88–94. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.09.009
- Wells NM, Lekies KS. Nature and the Life Course: Pathways from Childhood Nature Experiences to Adult Environmentalism. Child Youth Environmental. 2006; 16:1–24.
- Learn about Forest and Nature School. Child Nat Alliance Can. n.d. [cited 2022 Feb 21]. Available from: https://childnature.ca/about-forest-and-nature-school/
- Andrachuk H, Edgar T, Eperijesi P, Filler C, Groves J, Kaknevicius J, et al. Forest and Nature School in Canada: A Head, Heart, Hands Approach to Outdoor Learning. Forest School Canada; 2014.
- Child and Nature Alliance of Canada. 2020 Principles of Forest/Nature School. 2020. Available from: https://childnature.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2020-Principles-of-Forest_Nature-School-.pdf
- Egli V, Oliver M, Tautolo E-S. The development of a model of community garden benefits to wellbeing. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2016; 3:348–52. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.04.005
- Burnod C. The Community Garden: A Landscape Shaped by Human-Nature Relations 2018.
- Bendt P, Barthel S, Colding J. Civic greening and environmental learning in publicaccess community gardens in Berlin. Landscape Urban Planning 2013; 109:18–30. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.10.003
- Alaimo K, Beavers AW, Crawford C, Snyder EH, Litt JS. Amplifying Health Through Community Gardens: A Framework for Advancing Multicomponent, Behaviorally Based Neighborhood Interventions. Current Environmental Health Reports. 2016; 3:302–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-016-0105-0
- Irvine S, Johnson L, Peters K. Community gardens and sustainable land use planning: A case‐study of the Alex Wilson community garden. Local Environment. 1999; 4:33–46. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839908725579
- Wilson A. The Culture of Nature North American Landscape From Disney to the Exxon Valdez. 1992.
- James JJ, Christiana RW, Battista RA. A historical and critical analysis of park prescriptions. Journal of Leisure Research. 2019; 50:311–29. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2019.1617647
- Kondo MC, Oyekanmi KO, Gibson A, South EC, Bocarro J, Hipp JA. Nature Prescriptions for Health: A Review of Evidence and Research Opportunities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17:4213. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124213
- Razani N, Wheeler K. Park Prescriptions in Practice: The Community Driven Way. 2014:16.
- Devisscher T, Van Den Bosch M. Nature and mental health: new initiatives in British Columbia, Canada. Green4C 2021. [cited 2022 Mar 7]. Available from: https://www.greenforcare.eu/news/nature-mentalhealth-canada/
- CBC News. Nature is healing: Doctors in B.C., other provinces can prescribe Parks Canada passes to patients 2022. [cited 2022 Mar 7]. Available from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-parks-canada-prescription-1.6344141
- Mackay CML, Schmitt MT. Do people who feel connected to nature do more to protect it? A meta-analysis. Jorunal of Environmental Psychology. 2019; 65:101323. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101323
- Chwialkowska A, Bhatti WA, Glowik M. The influence of cultural values on proenvironmental behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 268:122305. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122305
- Silva Forest Foundation. Ecosystem-Based Conservation Planning: Definition and Principles. Silva For Found. n.d. [2022 Apr 1]. Available from: http://www.silvafor.org/definition.html
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to action. 2012.
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Canada’s Residential Schools: Reconciliation: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume 6. MQUP; 2016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt19qghck
- von Essen E, Allen M. Political Deliberation and Compromise: Why People-Nature Reconciliation Must Be about People-People Reconciliation. The Journal of Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies. 2019;17.
- Leopold A. A Sand County Almanac: And Sketches Here and There. Oxford University Press; 1989.
- The Land Ethic. Aldo Leopold Found. n.d. [cited 2022 Mar 4]. Available from: https://www.aldoleopold.org/about/the-land-ethic/
- Silva Forest Foundation. Definition and Principles of Ecosystem-Based Conservation Planning n.d.
- Xaxli’p Community Forest. Ecosystem-based planning. n.d. [cited 2022 Apr 1]. Available from: https://www.xcfc.ca/traditional-use-study
- Xaxli’p. History/Background. Xaxli’p. n.d. [cited 2022 Apr 1]. Available from: http://xaxlip.ca/about-us/historybackground/
- Xaxli’p Community Forest. Redefining Sustainability and Asserting Sovereignty: Our History. Xaxlip Community For. n.d. [cited 2022 Apr 1]. Available from: https://www.xcfc.ca/history
- Klassen M. Connectedness to nature : comparing rural and urban youths’ relationships with nature. 2010.
- Sustainability | Free Full-Text | What Can We Learn from Rural Youth in British Columbia, Canada? Environment and Climate Change—Issues and Solutions. n.d. [cited 2022 Mar 3]. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13562
- Ford JD. Indigenous Health and Climate Change. American Journal of Public Health. 2012; 102:1260– 6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300752
- Canada PHA of. At-a-glance – Climate change impacts on health and wellbeing in rural and remote regions across Canada: a synthesis of the literature. 2021 [cited 2022 Mar 04]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/health-promotion-chronicdisease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice/vol-39-no-4-2019/climate-changeimpacts-health-wellbeing-rural-remote-regions-across-canada-synthesis.html
- The Distribution of Climate Change Public Opinion in Canada. n.d. [cited 2022 Mar 04]. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0159774