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Laboratory Manual for Introduction to Physical Geography, Second British Columbia Edition by Stuart MacKinnon, Chani Welch, Katie Burles, Crystal Huscroft, Nina Hewitt, Gillian Krezoski, Andrew Perkins, Leonard Tang, Terence Day, Craig Nichol, Todd Redding, Allison Lutz, Ian Saunders, and Fes de Scally is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.
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Cover Photo
The cover photo is of Horseshoe Glacier by Katie Burle and licensed under a CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
Images Used with Other Permissions
This text uses many images that are not covered by the CC BY-NC-SA license. Some are included under specific licenses, and others with permission from the author. Do not use these images unless permission is granted by the author or you meet the conditions of their licenses.
Government of Canada Terms and Conditions
Lab 03: Atmospheric Structure and Pressure Conditions
Figure 3.2 Surface Analysis Map © Environment Canada
Lab 04: Weather Forecasting
Figure 4.1 Surface Analysis Map © Environment Canada
Lab 10: BC Soils and Relationships to Vegetation and Climate
Figure 10.3 Left Gleysol © Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Figure 10.10 Soil pit in an organic soil from BC © Soil Classification Working Group
Figure 10.11 Podzolic soil from Quebec on sandy parent materials © Soil Classification Working Group
Lab 14: Map Skills I
Figure 14.1. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82E14 (Kelowna) 4th edition © Natural Resources Canada
Figure 14.5 Scale from NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82N05 (Glacier) 3rd edition © Natural Resources Canada
Figure 14.9 Grid Zone Designation from NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82E14 (Kelowna) 4th edition © Natural Resources Canada
Lab 15: Map Skills II
Figure 15.4a. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 92B06 (Victoria) 6th edition © Natural Resources Canada
Figure 15.4b NTS map sheet 01N10 St. John’s, NL, 8th edition © Natural Resources Canada
Figure 15.5. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82N05 (Glacier) 3rd edition © Natural Resources Canada
Figure 15.6a. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82E14 (Kelowna) 4th edition © Natural Resources Canada
Figure 15.6b. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 92H01 (Ashnola River) 2nd edition © Natural Resources Canada
Figure 135.9. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82N05 (Glacier) 3rd edition © Natural Resources Canada
Lab 17: BC’s Geology and Geologic Structures
Figure 17.8. Banff East Cross Section: Map 1294A/1295A © Geological Survey of Canada
United States Department of Agriculture
These images are used in accordance with the USDA Digital Rights and Copyright Policy
Lab 11: Environmental Controls on Biogeography
Figure 11.6 Quercus bicolor © U.S. Department of Agriculture
Figure 11.8 Quercus chrysolepis © U.S. Department of Agriculture
Figure 11.11 Quercus garryana © U.S. Department of Agriculture
Figure 11.13 Quercus laurifolia © U.S. Department of Agriculture
Figure 11.15 Quercus macrocarpa © U.S. Department of Agriculture
Figure 11.17 Quercus phellos © U.S. Department of Agriculture
Figure 11.19 Quercus rubra © U.S. Department of Agriculture
Figure 11.21 Quercus virginiana © U.S. Department of Agriculture
Google Earth and Google Maps
The following screen captures from Google Earth and Google Maps are used in accordance with Google’s guidelines.
Lab 10: BC Soils and Relationships to Vegetation and Climate
Figure 10.4a Soils of BC Instructional Tour © Google
Figure 10.4b Soils of BC Instructional Tour © Google
Figure 10.5 Soils of BC Instructional Tour © Google
Figure 10.12 Google Earth Web Tour at Site #4 © Google
Lab 15: Map Skills II
Figure 15.10. Google Earth topographic profile near Glacier, BC, Canada © Google
Lab 16: Measuring and Analyzing Slope
Figure 16.9 Example EX1.6 Google Earth Horizontal distance measurement © Google
Figure 16.10 Example EX2.1. Google My Map screenshot of black diamond ski run © Google
Lab 21: Fluvial Geomorphology and Landforms
Figure 21.3 Google Earth screen capture © Google
Lab 22: Alpine Glacial Processes
Figure 22.1 Sample Figure EX1.1 © Google
Figure 22.3 Sample Figure EX1.3 © Google
Figure 22.4 Sample Figure EX1.4 © Google
Figure 22.5 Sample Figure EX2.2 © Google
Figure 22.6 Sample Figure EX2.3 © Google
Figure 22.8 Sample Figure EX2.5 © Google
Lab 23: Coastal Geomorphology
23.5 Google Earth Image of James Island © Google
23.6 Google Earth Image of Coastal Landforms Near Tofino © Google
Climate BC Map (Lab 10: BC Soils)
Screen captures from Climate BC Map are used with permission from Tongli Wang:
Figure 10.6 Climate BC Website © University of British Columbia
Figure 10.7 Climate BC Website © University of British Columbia
Figure 10.8 Climate BC Website © University of British Columbia
Figure 10.9 Climate BC Website © University of British Columbia
iMapBC
The copyright for iMapBC content is held by the Province of British Columbia with all rights reserved. For this project, permission was granted by the Province of British Columbia to reproduce images. Adaptations and reproductions of this content may require special permission.
Lab 16: Measuring and Analyzing Slope
Figure 16.11 Example EX2.2. iMap screen capture of ski run named Fuzzy at Kimberley Alpine Resort © DataBC, Province of British Columbia
Figure 16.12 Example EX2.3. Four natural slope breaks along the ski run Fuzz at Kimberley Alpine Resort © DataBC, Province of British Columbia
Lab 20: Water Cycle and Water Resources
Figure 20.1 iMap screen capture of the location of Nicomekl River Watershed © DataBC, Province of British Columbia
Figure 20.7 iMap screen capture of the Water usage within the Nicomekl watershed © DataBC, Province of British Columbia
Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) (Lab 18)
Screencaps from the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network are used with permission. Anyone wishing to adapt or reproduce these images may wish to verify that the permission still applies to their new work.
Figure 18.3 Epicentres of notable earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest from 1997 to 2019 © Pacific Northwest Seismic Network
Figure 18.4 Cross-section showing depth and magnitude of notable earthquakes © Pacific Northwest Seismic Network
BC Watertool (Lab 20)
BC Watertool screenshots contain mapping information from DataBC that is licensed under an All Rights Reserved license. Permission for use has been provided by the Province of British Columbia. If re-using this content in a different application, or redistributing it, separate permission may be required.
Figure 20.2 Precipitation data from White Rock climate station 1108910 © Foundry Spatial
Figure 20.3 Streamflow in Nicomekl River at Station 08MH155 © Foundry Spatia
Figure 20.4 Groundwater levels at BC Obs Well 353 © Foundry Spatial
Other Terms of Use
Figures 3.1, 3.2, and 3.4: Permission has been granted by EarthWindMap for licensing of these images as CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.
Figure 10.3 right Soil ped with mottles © Weil and Brady is reproduced with permission from R. Weil and Pearson Education.
Figure 15.11. Bitterroot Loop clipped from Rose Valley Regional Park kiosk information © Regional District of Central Okanagan is used with permission
