Chapter 3: Developing a Research Question
3.3 Developing a Researchable Research Question
After thinking about what topics interest you, identifying a topic that is both empirical and sociological, and deciding whether your research will be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory, the next step is to form a research question about your topic. For many researchers, forming hypotheses comes after developing one’s research question. However, for now, we will just think about research questions.
So then, what makes a good research question? Let us first consider some practical aspects. A good research question is one that:
- you are interested in;
- you have resources (money, technology, assistance, etc.) to answer;
- offers you access to the data you need (human, animal or numerical/ file data);
- is operationalized appropriately; and
- has a specific objective (anything from explaining something to describing something).
A good research question also has some specific characteristics:
- It is generally written in the form of a question.
- It is well-focused.
- It cannot be answered with a simple yes or no.
- It should have more than one plausible answer.
- It considers relationships amongst multiple concepts.
Generally speaking, your research question will guide whether your research project is best approached with quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods, or other1 approaches. Table 3.2 provides some examples of problematic research questions and suggestions for how to improve each research question.
Problematic Research Questions | Improved Research Question |
Too narrow: How many paramedics were registered in the province of British Columbia in 2017?
|
Less narrow: What factors lead individuals to choose paramedics as professions in British Columbia?
|
Unfocused and too broad: What are the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on firefighters in Ontario?
|
More focused: What are the social effects of PTSD on families of firefighters in Ontario?
|
Too objective: How much money does the average downtown Vancouver store spend on security guards?
|
More subjective: What is the relationship between security spending and product loss through theft at downtown Vancouver stores?
|
Too simple: What are municipal governments doing to address the problem of sexism in policing?
|
More complex: What is the relationship between the 2017-2018 publicized incidents of sexism in the RCMP and the number of females applying for entry to police departments in St. John’s, Newfoundland?
|
In Chapter 8, we look at designing survey questions, which are not to be confused with research questions.