Chapter 12: Skin Problems Caused by the Environment
Other Externally Induced Skin Changes
Erythema Ab Igne
Erythema ab igne occurs after long exposure of the skin to low-level localized heat such as hot water bottle, space heater, hand warmer, and/or laptop computer. It presents with reticulated purple-brown patches of discolouration with occasional erosions. The skin changes resolve once the contact with the head source is discontinued.
Alternative healing practices
Some cultural practices, such as cupping, can lead to skin changes. Cupping is a traditional medical therapy in which a mild vacuum is applied to the skin, generally over the back to help with pain, inflammation and relaxation. The vacuum causes ecchymosis at the site of the cups that heal within 10 days to 2 weeks. Coining is a process by which a smooth surface, such as the edge of a coin, is rubbed over oiled skin in a linear pattern until a mark becomes visible.
Tattoos
Tattoos are intentional changes in the skin, but may be associated with unwanted consequences. Acute inflammatory reaction is immediate and improves after 2-3 weeks. It is expected in the course of tattooing. Wound care during this phase includes prevention of infection through keeping the area clean and covered.
Infections can occur if the technique was not hygienic or aftercare was inadequate. Skin infections can also include superficial bacterial infections, folliculitis, abscesses, warts, and atypical mycobacterial infections. Blood borne infections such as hepatitis and HIV can theoretically be transmitted through tattooing.
Allergic reactions that present with eczema, can develop in response to allergens in the ink. Red dyes are the most common to cause allergic reactions. Yellow dye (cadmium sulfate) can also react to sunlight and cause photosensitive reactions. Henna temporary tattoos may also result in allergic contact dermatitis at the site of application.
