Chapter 12: Skin Problems Caused by the Environment
Sun-Induced Conditions: Sunburn
What is it?
Sunburn is an acute cell injury caused by exposure to UV radiation. Exposure to UVB rays causes erythema beginning 6 hours after exposure and peaking 12-24 hours after exposure. The amount of skin damage is proportional to the amount of UV exposure received. Patients experience pain and/or pruritus and, in severe cases may develop blisters. Peeling after a sunburn is common even in patients who did not experience blistering. Natural pigments are protective against sunburn. Skin types are determined according to the ability of the skin to withstand UV radiation, and loosely correspond to colour, but there is significant variability and skin type is not a proxy for skin colour or race.
Type 1: Always burns, never tans, often freckles
Type 2: Often burns, can tan with long slow exposure to sunlight
Type 3: Tans after initial burn
Type 4: Tans easily but might burn
Type 5: Tans easily rarely burns
Type 6: Becomes darker after sun exposure and very rarely burns
How is it treated?
Prevention is key. Sun protection includes wearing hats, long sleeves and pants, and seeking shade; this with the use of sunblock is the ideal way to protect from sun damage. This is particularly important for lighter skin types, but since all skin types can burn and burn increases risk of developing melanoma, following these precautions is wise for anyone who anticipates significant sun exposure.
Hover over image for caption.
