Chapter 7 – Existence and Possession
Overview
In earlier chapters, you learned हो (ho) / हुन् (hun), which are used for identity and classification (“I am a teacher,” “This is a book”).
In this chapter, you will learn the छ (cha) forms of हुनु (hunu), which are used differently. These forms express existence, presence, availability, and possession—literally meaning “it exists.”
You will practise छ (cha) / छन् (chan) and their negative forms छैन (chaina) / छैनन् (chainan) in everyday situations, such as:
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saying what is here or there (यहाँ yahā̃ / त्यहाँ tyahā̃)
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asking “how many?” (कति वटा? kati waṭā? / कति जना? kati janā?)
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using numbers 1–10 with classifiers (–वटा -waṭā for things, –जना -janā for people)
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to ask and answer practical questions about what is in places like a classroom, café, shop, or hotel, and express possession or lack of possession using सँग saṅga “with.”
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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ask and answer existence questions with छ cha? / छन् chan?
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use negatives छैन chaina / छैनन् chainan accurately
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use यहाँ yahā̃ and त्यहाँ tyahā̃ (“here/there”) in full sentences
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use numerals १–१० with –वटा –waṭā (things) and –जना –janā (people)
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ask “how many?” with कति वटा? kati waṭā? and कति जना? kati janā?
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express possession with मसँग masãga / तपाईँसँग tapāī̃sãga / उहाँसँग uhā̃sãga + noun + छ cha
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recognize how existence questions also function as polite requests in cafés/shops/hotels
