Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Diseases can include: Pleural Pain, Friction Rub, Cyanosis, and Chronic Hypoxia

Pleural Pain and Inflammation:

• Pleural membranes: Visceral and parietal pleura surround each lung, separated by the pleural cavity filled with serous fluid.
• Pleural pain: Caused by infection, trauma, or inflammation that irritates or damages these membranes, leading to rubbing and discomfort, especially during breathing or coughing.
• Exudate: Fluid buildup in the pleural space may occur, often requiring aspiration for diagnosis and treatment.
• Friction rub: A sound heard via stethoscope indicating inflamed pleural membranes rubbing against each other.

Cyanosis and Chronic Hypoxia:

• Cyanosis, particularly in fingers and toes, indicates prolonged hypoxia.
• Remodeling: Long-term hypoxia causes fibrosis (scarring), leading to finger clubbing.
• Arterial blood gases (ABGs):
  • Hypoxemia: Low oxygen in blood.
  • Hypercapnia: Excess carbon dioxide in blood.
  • Hypoxia: Insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues.
• Blood gas abnormalities may result from lung issues, red blood cell problems (anemia, hemoglobin deficiency), or heart issues affecting blood oxygenation.

Poisonous Causes and Risks of Impaired Gas Exchange:

• Carbon monoxide poisoning: Impairs oxygen transport by binding to hemoglobin, leading to organ failure or death.