Pre-Test for Emphysema

• Trachea
• Bronchi & bronchioles
• Alveoli
• Surfactant

2. Lungs are smaller outside of the chest due to the elastin in the lung retracting.

• True
• False

3. Fill in the blanks with the following words:

pulmonary capillaries, carbon dioxide, pulmonary veins, oxygenated blood, deoxygenated, pulmonary arteries, oxygen

_____ blood leaves the right ventricle and enters the _____ which then branch into smaller and smaller vessels. The _____ surround alveoli and allow for near instantaneous gas exchange with the alveolar gases: _____ leaves the alveoli going into the blood and _____ leaves the blood and into the alveoli. _____ leave the lungs and enter _____ and enter the left atrium.

1. Inhalation is an active process (i.e. takes energy) whereas exhalation is a passive process thanks to the elastic nature of lung tissue.

• True
• False

2. Fill in the blanks with the following phrases:  

alpha-1-antitrypsin will deactivate the enzymes released by white blood cells, only the foreign particles are destroyed by white blood cells, inflammatory damage to normal healthy tissue, recruiting white blood cells to ingest the foreign particle

When tissue is infected or injured, the inflammation process occurs. Using cigarette smoking as an example, the lungs will first react to inhaled smoke by _____. To prevent normal healthy tissue from being injured _____. As a result _____. If there is either too frequent injury or insufficient alpha-1-antitrypsin, the result is _____.

3. Finish the following sentence. In emphysema, it takes energy to exhale because:

• Loss of elastin in lung tissue causes airways to collapse during exhalation
• Gain of collagen in lung tissue causing airways to be always open
• Loss of muscle in the diaphragm due to inflammation of lung tissue
• Increase in alpha 1 antitrypsin blocks airways causing an obstruction during exhalation