Abbreviations
Meihua E. Su
The following abbreviations are used throughout the text.
| A&P | Anatomy and Physiology |
| AAT | Alpha-1-Antitrypsin |
| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
| ADH | Antidiuretic Hormone |
| AKI | Acute Kidney Injury |
| ANS | Autonomic Nervous System |
| ATN | Acute Tubular Necrosis |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| BPH | Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy |
| CBC | Complete Blood Count |
| CCT | Certified Cardiographic Technician |
| CDK | Cyclin-Dependent Kinase |
| CHF | Congestive Heart Failure |
| CKD | Chronic Kidney Disease |
| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| COVID-19 | SARS-CoV-2 Virus |
| CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure |
| CPR | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
| CRAT | Certified Rhythm Analysis Technician |
| CRP | C-Reactive Protein |
| CT | Computed Tomography |
| CVD | Cardiovascular Disease |
| DCT | Distal Convoluted Tubule |
| DHPLC | David F. Hardwick Pathology Learning Centre at UBC (VGH Site) |
| DKA | Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
| DRG | Dorsal Respiratory Group |
| EKG | Electrocardiogram |
| ERV | Expiratory Reserve Volume |
| ESR | Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate |
| FACC | Fellow Of The American College Of Cardiology |
| FEV1 | Forced Expiratory Volume In 1 Second |
| FRC | Functional Residual Capacity |
| G1 | Gap 1 Phase |
| G2 | Gap 2 Phase |
| GFR | Glomerular Filtration Rate |
| H&E | Hematoxylin and Eosin |
| HDL | High-Density Lipoprotein |
| hESCs | Human Embryonic Stem Cells |
| Hib | Haemophilus Influenzae Type B |
| HPIV | Human Parainfluenza Virus |
| HRVC | Human Rhinovirus C |
| IC | Inspiratory Capacity |
| IDL | Intermediate-Density Lipoproteins |
| IFN- γ | Interferon-γ |
| IgA | Immunoglobulin A |
| IL-1 | Interleukin-1 |
| INR | Placeholder |
| iPSCs | Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells |
| IRV | Inspiratory Reserve Volume |
| IVC | Inferior Vena Cava(e) |
| IVC | Placeholder |
| LA | Left Atrium |
| LAD | Left Anterior Descending Artery |
| LDL | Low-Density Lipoprotein |
| LFTs | Liver Function Tests |
| LoH | Loop of Henle |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| LV | Left Ventricle |
| MAP | Mean Arterial Pressure |
| MI | Myocardial Infarction |
| MSH | Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone |
| NFP | Net Filtration Pressure |
| oxLDL | Oxidized Ldl |
| Palv | Intra-Alveolar Pressure |
| Patm | Atmospheric Pressure |
| PCT | Proximal Convoluted Tubule |
| PCV13 | Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine |
| PGE2 | Prostaglandin E2 |
| Pip | Intrapleural Pressure |
| PP | Pancreatic Polypeptide |
| PRG | Pontine Respiratory Group |
| PRRs | Pattern Recognition Receptor |
| PTT | Placeholder |
| RA | Right Atrium |
| RAAS | Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone |
| RCCS | Registered Congenital Cardiac Sonographer |
| RCES | Registered Cardiac Electrophysiology Specialist |
| RCIS | Registered Cardiovascular Invasive Specialist |
| RCS | Registered Cardiac Sonographer |
| RPhS | Registered Phlebology Sonographer |
| RSV | Respiratory Synyctial Virus |
| RV | Residual Volume |
| RV | Right Ventricle |
| RVS | Registered Vascular Specialist |
| S phase | Synthesis Phase |
| STEMI | ST-Elevated MI |
| SVC | Placeholder |
| SVC | Superior Vena Cava |
| T1DM | Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| T2DM | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| TLC | Total Lung Capacity |
| TMAO | Trimethylamine N-Oxide |
| TNF | Tumour Necrosis Factor |
| TV | Tidal Volume |
| UBC | University of British Columbia |
| UTIs | Urinary Tract Infections |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
| VC | Vital Capacity |
| VLDL | Very Low-Density Lipoproteins |
| VRG | Ventral Respiratory Group |
| VSMCs | Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells |
| WSS | Wall Shear Stress |
